märkuda

Märkuda is a Finnish verb that translates to "to rot," "to decay," or "to spoil" in English. It describes the process of organic matter breaking down due to the action of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. This decomposition can occur in various contexts, from food spoilage to the natural decay of plant and animal material.

When applied to food, märkuda indicates that the item is no longer fresh or edible. For example, "omena märkenee" means "the apple is rotting." This process is often accompanied by changes in smell, texture, and appearance.

In a broader ecological sense, märkuda refers to the natural cycle of decomposition that returns nutrients to the soil. Dead trees, fallen leaves, and animal carcasses all undergo this process, making way for new life. The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the decline or deterioration of something, such as a failing business or a corrupt system, though this usage is less common than its literal meaning.