musictherapy

Music therapy is the use of music-based experiences within a formal therapeutic relationship to achieve individualized goals. Delivered by credentialed music therapists, interventions may involve listening to music, singing, playing instruments, improvisation, songwriting, and music-assisted relaxation, tailored to physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs.

Practitioners assess clients, develop treatment plans, and document progress. Sessions may be active (making music) or receptive (guided listening and reflection) and can be structured or exploratory. Settings include hospitals, clinics, schools, mental health facilities, rehabilitation centers, elder care, and community programs.

Evidence on effectiveness varies by condition. Systematic reviews report potential benefits for mood disorders, dementia, autism, chronic pain, and psychosocial well-being, but results are mixed and more high-quality research is needed. Music therapy is typically used as part of a multidisciplinary approach, not as a standalone cure.

Education and credentialing require specialized training. In the United States, many music therapists hold bachelor’s or master’s degrees in music therapy and are credentialed by the Certification Board for Music Therapists (CBMT). Other countries have different credentials. Professional associations, such as the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) and the British Association for Music Therapy (BAMT), establish standards and ethics.

Historically, modern music therapy emerged in the 20th century, expanding after World War II in rehabilitation, education, and mental health. The field has grown to include neurorehabilitation approaches and ongoing research into neural and cognitive mechanisms by which music supports healing.