Therapists

Therapists are trained mental health professionals who provide services aimed at reducing distress and improving functioning across emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains. They work in private practices, clinics, hospitals, schools, and community agencies, often as part of broader treatment teams. Therapists may hold titles such as psychologist, licensed professional counselor, clinical social worker, marriage and family therapist, or other licensed practitioner, and their exact role can vary by training and jurisdiction. While some therapists focus on talk therapy alone, others may integrate case management, psychoeducation, and crisis intervention.

Education and licensure typically require graduate training. Most therapists hold master's or doctoral degrees in fields such as clinical psychology, counseling, social work, or marriage and family therapy. Licensure or certification, including supervised clinical hours and passing professional examinations, is usually required to practice independently. Common therapeutic modalities include cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic or interpersonal approaches, humanistic and grounding therapies, and psychotherapies tailored to specific populations. Assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning, and ongoing evaluation are standard components of care, and confidentiality is a core ethical obligation.

Ethical practice is guided by professional associations such as the American Psychological Association, the American Counseling Association, and the National Association of Social Workers, which set standards for competence, ethics, and continuing education. Access to therapy can vary by region and payor coverage, and barriers such as cost, stigma, and language or cultural differences can affect utilization. Teletherapy has expanded reach in many areas, increasing flexibility for clients and providers alike.