munuaiskasvaimet

Munuaiskasvaimet, also known as kidney tumors, are abnormal growths that can occur in the kidneys. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The most common type of kidney cancer in adults is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which originates in the lining of the renal tubules. Other, less common types of kidney cancer include transitional cell carcinoma and Wilms' tumor, which primarily affects children.

The exact causes of most kidney tumors are not fully understood, but certain risk factors have been identified. These include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, a family history of kidney cancer, and prolonged exposure to certain industrial chemicals. In some cases, genetic predispositions can play a role.

Symptoms of kidney tumors can vary and may not appear until the tumor is advanced. When symptoms do occur, they can include blood in the urine (hematuria), a lump or mass in the side or abdomen, persistent pain in the side or back, fever, fatigue, and unintentional weight loss. However, many kidney tumors are discovered incidentally during imaging tests performed for other medical conditions.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood and urine tests, and imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the specific type and stage of the tumor.

Treatment options depend on the type, size, stage, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. These can include surgery (nephrectomy), targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Early detection and treatment generally lead to a better prognosis.