mullaseisundi

Mullaseisundi is a term used in Estonian soil science to describe the current condition of soil, including its physical, chemical, and biological attributes and how these affect plant growth and ecosystem function. The concept is applied in agricultural, forestry, and environmental contexts to assess land potential and risks.

The physical components of mullaseisundi include soil texture, structure, porosity, bulk density, and degree of compaction, as well as drainage and surface crusting. Chemical components cover soil pH, nutrient availability, cation exchange capacity, salinity, and organic matter content. Biological aspects involve soil organic matter turnover, microbial activity, and the presence and activity of soil fauna. Moisture regime, including water content and drainage status, is a central integrating factor for all components.

Assessment of mullaseisundi combines field observations with laboratory measurements. Field indicators include infiltration rate, surface sealing, cracking, and visible compaction. Laboratory analyses commonly measure texture, bulk density, organic matter, pH, and nutrient levels (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). The evaluation is often region- and crop-specific, with thresholds guiding management decisions.

Applications of understanding mullaseisundi include guiding irrigation and drainage planning, tillage practices, crop rotation, and fertilizer use. Management strategies to improve soil condition typically focus on increasing organic matter, alleviating compaction, reducing erosion, and optimizing moisture and nutrient availability. By monitoring mullaseisundi, land managers aim to sustain productivity, resilience, and environmental health.

See also: soil science, soil structure, soil fertility, soil moisture, land management.