muhammara

Muhammara is a spicy, slightly sweet, and tangy pepper and walnut spread originating in the Levant, most closely associated with the city of Aleppo in Syria. The name derives from the Arabic word for red, reflecting the color of the roasted peppers. Over time, muhammara has become common in Syrian, Lebanese, and wider Middle Eastern cuisines, and it is widely used in mezze assortments.

The core ingredients are roasted red peppers and finely ground walnuts, combined with a binder such as stale breadcrumbs or breadcrumbs made from pita. Garlic and olive oil provide richness, while flavorings such as pomegranate molasses or lemon juice add acidity and depth. Heat is typically supplied by ground chili pepper or Aleppo pepper, though the level can be adjusted. Some versions include cumin, sesame seeds or sesame oil, and additional spices or herbs. The mixture is blended to varying textures, from coarse to smooth.

In use, muhammara is usually served at room temperature as part of a meze platter, accompanied by crusty bread, pita, or fresh vegetables. It can also function as a sauce for grilled meats or fish, offering a balance of sweetness, smoke from the peppers, and nutty richness.

Variations exist across households and regions, with differences in pepper type, sweeteners, and acidity. It stores well in the refrigerator for several days and can be frozen for longer storage, with flavors often improving after resting.