mometason

Mometasone, also known as mometasone furoate, is a synthetic corticosteroid used for its anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effects. It is available in several forms: topical preparations (creams, ointments, lotions, and ointment for use on the skin), an intranasal spray for allergic rhinitis, and an inhaled preparation for asthma. Brand names include Elocon for topical, Nasonex for nasal, and Asmanex for inhaled formulations.

Topical mometasone is used to treat inflammatory and itchy skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis, as well as other less common dermatitis. The intranasal spray reduces symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and may be used for nonallergic rhinitis in some settings. The inhaled form is used as a controller medication in persistent asthma to reduce airway inflammation and frequency of symptoms.

Mechanism of action: Mometasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It suppresses multiple inflammatory genes, reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, limits leukocyte recruitment, and decreases edema and hyperemia. Local effects at the site of application minimize systemic exposure when used as directed.

Safety and side effects: Common local effects include skin thinning (atrophy), irritation, or burning with topical use; nasal irritation or nosebleeds with intranasal use; and oral candidiasis with inhaled products if the mouth is not rinsed after use. Potential systemic effects are uncommon at usual topical doses but may occur with prolonged high-dose use, especially in children, including growth suppression and adrenal suppression. Use in pregnancy should be based on risk-benefit assessment.

Availability and regulation: Mometasone products are generally prescription medications, though topical preparations may be available over the counter in some countries. Dosing and duration depend on indication, age, and formulation; patients should follow healthcare provider instructions and read product labeling.