molerat

Mole-rat is a common name for a group of burrowing rodents in the family Bathyergidae, native to sub-Saharan Africa. They are not true moles, but have adapted to a subterranean lifestyle with tunnel systems. The group includes several genera, such as Bathyergus, Georychus, Cryptomys, Fukomys, and Heterocephalus, the latter containing the well-known naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber).

Physically, mole-rats have elongated bodies, small eyes, and strong incisor teeth that they use to dig through soil. Their fur and coloration vary by species, and their morphology reflects life spent largely underground, where vision is limited and locomotion through tight tunnels is essential.

Mole-rats occupy a range of habitats in arid and semi-arid regions as well as more mesic environments, typically living in extensive underground burrow networks. They feed mainly on underground plant parts such as tubers, roots, and bulbs, extracting nutrients from the soil without needing to surface frequently.

Behavior and social structure vary among species. Many Bathyergidae are solitary or form simple pair living arrangements, but some species exhibit social organization. The naked mole-rat is the most famous example of complex sociality, living in colonies with a single breeding queen and non-reproductive workers. Reproduction in other species is often more limited, with social factors influencing breeding opportunities within a colony.

Physiological traits of mole-rats include adaptations to low-oxygen environments and, in some species, relatively long lifespans for small rodents. The naked mole-rat is noted for cancer resistance and unique nervous-system traits, which have attracted scientific interest.

Conservation status differs by species and region. While some populations are stable, others face habitat loss and other pressures that can threaten local groups.