molekyylikemia

Molekyylikemia refers to leukemia that is characterized by specific genetic mutations or molecular alterations. These changes at the DNA or protein level are the underlying cause of the cancerous transformation of blood cells. Identifying these molecular markers is crucial for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of targeted therapies.

Different types of leukemia exhibit distinct molecular profiles. For example, certain leukemias are associated with specific chromosomal translocations, such as the Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL fusion gene) found in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and some cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Other molecular abnormalities include point mutations, deletions, or amplifications of specific genes that control cell growth, differentiation, and survival.

The study of molecular leukemia has revolutionized its treatment. By understanding the specific molecular drivers of a patient's leukemia, doctors can select therapies that are designed to target these abnormalities. This approach, known as targeted therapy, offers a more precise and often more effective treatment strategy compared to traditional chemotherapy, which affects all rapidly dividing cells, including healthy ones. Examples include tyrosine kinase inhibitors for BCR-ABL positive leukemias.

Furthermore, molecular profiling plays a significant role in predicting the course of the disease and assessing the risk of relapse. Certain molecular markers are associated with a more aggressive disease course, while others indicate a better prognosis. This information helps oncologists tailor treatment intensity and monitor treatment response. Ongoing research continues to uncover new molecular targets, paving the way for even more personalized and effective treatments for various forms of leukemia.