mixedmaterial

Mixed material refers to a material or object constructed from two or more constituent materials with different properties. The combination aims to achieve features not present in the constituents alone, such as increased strength, stiffness, lightness, toughness, or functional capabilities like electrical insulation or thermal stability. The term is widely used across engineering, construction, manufacturing, art, and design.

Within engineering, mixed materials are often described as composites or blends. Common categories include fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) where fibers such as carbon or glass are embedded in a polymer matrix; metal-matrix composites; and ceramic-matrix composites. Another related concept is polymer blends or multilayer laminates, such as plywood or sandwich panels, which combine layers of different materials to tailor properties.

Key considerations for mixed materials include the interface between constituents, adhesion, thermal and chemical compatibility, and processing methods. Interfaces can govern load transfer, stiffness, and failure modes; mismatches in thermal expansion can cause stresses; and the processing sequence affects bonding and material integrity. Recycling and end-of-life disposal are often more complex than for single-material systems.

Applications span aerospace, automotive, construction, sports equipment, electronics packaging, and architectural components. In art and design, mixed materials refer to artworks created from multiple materials, often to achieve varied textures and visual effects.

See also: Composite material, Laminates, Mixed-media art, Polymer blends.