mitraltricuspid

Mitraltricuspid refers to the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve, the two atrioventricular valves of the heart. The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and typically has two leaflets (anterior and posterior). The tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle and usually has three leaflets (anterior, posterior, and septal). These valves are supported by chordae tendineae and papillary muscles and are anchored to the surrounding fibrous ring, the annulus. They open during diastole to allow ventricular filling and close during systole to prevent regurgitation.

Function and pathology: Both valves play a critical role in unidirectional blood flow. When diseased, they can develop regurgitation (backward flow) or stenosis (narrowing). Mitral valve disease commonly includes mitral regurgitation from leaflet prolapse or damage, and mitral stenosis often due to rheumatic disease. Tricuspid disease often presents as tricuspid regurgitation, frequently secondary to right ventricular dilation or left-sided heart disease, and less commonly tricuspid stenosis.

Diagnosis and treatment: Diagnosis relies mainly on echocardiography, with Doppler assessment to quantify regurgitation or stenosis. Additional imaging may include MRI or CT in select cases. Management ranges from medical therapy for symptoms to surgical or transcatheter interventions in significant disease. Mitral valve repair is preferred over replacement when possible. Procedures include surgical repair or replacement; percutaneous approaches such as transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for mitral regurgitation or percutaneous tricuspid repair are increasingly used. Long-term prognosis depends on disease severity, ventricular function, and timely treatment.

Terminology: The combined term "mitraltricuspid" is not a standard disease name but is used to describe discussion of both mitral and tricuspid valves or concurrent disease affecting both.