mimeographed

Mimeographed refers to documents produced by a mimeograph, a duplicating device that uses a wax-coated stencil to transfer ink to paper. The mimeograph was a popular, inexpensive means of making multiple copies before widespread photocopying and digital printing. In common usage, a mimeographed sheet is one produced by that method, often recognizable by a purple or blue ink.

The basic process involves creating a stencil by typing or drawing on a specially treated sheet. The stencil is mounted on a drum or roller inside the mimeograph machine. When the machine is operated, ink is forced through the openings in the stencil and onto blank sheets as the drum rotates, producing multiple copies from a single master. The resulting copies are generally crisp but can show slight misalignments or faint ghosting at the edges of the stencil. Colors other than purple were also used, depending on the ink supplied.

Historically, mimeography became widely adopted in schools, churches, clubs, and small offices in the mid-20th century for handouts, newsletters, tests, and announcements. It provided a faster and cheaper alternative to handwritten copies or more expensive printing methods, suitable for short runs. As photocopying and digital printing became readily available and affordable, the mimeograph declined in mainstream use, though it remains of interest for archival purposes and in situations lacking access to modern reprographic equipment.

The mimeograph is distinct from spirit-duplicating systems (ditto machines), which use a different process involving a chemical transfer. While largely obsolete for routine duplications, mimeographed materials are an enduring part of 20th‑century office and classroom history.