mikroinverter

A microinverter is a type of solar inverter designed to convert the direct current produced by a single photovoltaic (PV) module into alternating current suitable for the electrical grid. Unlike central or string inverters that handle multiple panels, a microinverter is attached to an individual panel, either integrated into the module’s junction box or mounted beneath the panel.

Operation and characteristics: Each microinverter includes its own maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit and operates independently of other modules. This per-panel conversion means that the output of one panel is not limited by the performance of its neighbors, making microinverters well suited to systems with shading, soiling, panel mismatch, or aging. The AC power produced by each module is then combined at the system level for grid connection.

Advantages: The module-level optimization can improve energy yield in partially shaded or uneven installations. They offer modularity and straightforward system expansion, easier installation on rooftops, and often facilitate rapid shutdown for safety. Monitoring is typically available at the module level, enabling troubleshooting of individual panels. The DC side remains at lower voltages within the module, which can enhance safety during installation.

Disadvantages and considerations: Microinverters generally have a higher upfront cost per watt compared with central inverters and introduce more components per installation, which can affect long-term reliability and maintenance needs. They are most cost-effective in residential or small commercial deployments where shading or module-level optimization yields significant benefits.

Applications: Microinverters are commonly used in residential solar installations and small-scale projects where partial shading is a concern or where modularity and ease of expansion are priorities. Some PV modules are available with built-in microinverters, offering a plug-and-play approach.