mikroelektroonikas
Mikroelektroonikas is the Estonian term for microelectronics, a subdiscipline of electronics engineering that focuses on the design, fabrication, and application of very small electronic components and circuits. The field emerged in the mid-20th century with the development of semiconductor devices and the desire to reduce the size, cost, and power consumption of electronic systems. Central to microelectronics is the integrated circuit, a miniaturized set of transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other elements fabricated on a single semiconductor substrate, typically silicon.
Historical milestones include the invention of the transistor in 1947 by Bell Labs, the invention of the
Applications of mikroelektroonikas span a vast range of technologies. Consumer electronics such as smartphones, tablets, and
Key challenges in the field include managing power consumption, mitigating heat dissipation, ensuring reliability of increasingly