migrenë

Migrenë, also known as migraine, is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe in intensity. These headaches are often unilateral, throbbing, and can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine attacks can last from several hours to several days.

The exact cause of migraine is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve complex interactions between the brainstem, trigeminal nerve pathways, and changes in blood flow within the brain. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, with many individuals having a family history of the condition. Various triggers can initiate a migraine attack, including stress, hormonal changes, certain foods and drinks, changes in sleep patterns, and environmental factors like bright lights or strong smells.

Migraine attacks can be preceded by an aura, a set of neurological symptoms that typically occur before or during the headache. These auras can include visual disturbances like flashing lights or blind spots, sensory changes such as tingling or numbness, or speech difficulties.

Diagnosis of migraine is usually based on a patient's medical history and a physical examination. There is no specific test for migraine, but doctors may conduct tests to rule out other conditions. Treatment aims to relieve pain and manage associated symptoms. This can involve over-the-counter pain relievers, prescription medications like triptans, and preventive therapies for frequent or severe migraines. Lifestyle modifications and avoidance of known triggers are also important components of management.