microincision

Microincision refers to a surgical approach that uses an incision smaller than standard techniques, with the aim of minimizing tissue disruption, inflammation, and recovery time. The size considered a microincision varies by field, but it generally denotes incisions of about 2 mm or less, or smaller in specialized procedures. The concept is part of a broader move toward minimally invasive surgery, emphasizing precise entry, atraumatic tissue handling, and rapid wound closure.

In ophthalmology, microincision cataract surgery (MICS) is a well-established application. MICS typically employs corneal incisions around 1.6 to 2.0 mm to perform phacoemulsification and insert an intraocular lens through a self-sealing wound. The approach seeks to reduce surgically induced astigmatism, corneal edema, and recovery time compared with larger corneal incisions. Successful implementation relies on precision instrumentation, refined wound construction, and careful management of anterior chamber stability during the procedure. Outcomes often include faster visual rehabilitation and improved early postoperative comfort, though the technique can be more technically demanding and may not be suitable for all cataract types.

Beyond ophthalmology, microincision concepts appear in other surgical disciplines, including dermatology, plastic surgery, dentistry, and general surgery, where smaller incisions are paired with specialized instruments and techniques. Common advantages include reduced tissue trauma, less bleeding, and shorter recovery, balanced against considerations such as instrument availability and operator experience.

Overall, microincision represents a category of minimally invasive techniques driven by smaller entry points, with field-specific standards, benefits, and limitations.