metodai

Metodai are systematic procedures and techniques used to achieve goals, investigate phenomena, or solve problems. They provide structured ways to gather evidence, test ideas, and make decisions. The term is used across disciplines and contexts, from science and engineering to social sciences, humanities, and professional practice.

Classification of metodai typically distinguishes empirical and theoretical approaches. They are often grouped into quantitative methods, which produce numerical data and rely on statistical analysis, and qualitative methods, which explore meanings, experiences, and contexts. Mixed-methods combine both. Common research methods include experiments, surveys, observations, case studies, modeling and simulation, and archival or computational approaches. In other fields, methods may refer to teaching strategies, diagnostic procedures, design processes, or investigative techniques.

The selection and application of metodai follow a methodological plan that may involve problem definition, design choice, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and reporting. Good practice emphasizes validity, reliability, transparency, and ethical considerations. Method selection is influenced by theoretical assumptions, data availability, resources, and the purpose of the inquiry. Methods are often iterative and may be adapted as understanding deepens or contexts change.

Relationship to methodology: Methodology is the study and justification of methods, including how they are chosen and applied. The history of metodai spans from ancient systematic thinking to contemporary formal research designs, reflecting evolving standards for evidence and argument.

See also: scientific method; research methodology; qualitative research; quantitative research; mixed methods.