metalssteel

Metalssteel, commonly referred to as steel, is a family of iron-based alloys whose main alloying element is carbon, typically up to about 2% by weight. The carbon content, along with other alloying elements, determines properties such as strength, hardness, and ductility. Common alloying elements include chromium, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, and vanadium, which can enhance hardenability, corrosion resistance, or toughness.

Steels are classified in several ways. Carbon steels rely primarily on carbon content to balance strength and ductility. Alloy steels incorporate additional elements to achieve higher performance for specific applications. Stainless steels contain a minimum threshold of chromium (around 10.5%) to provide corrosion resistance, often with nickel, molybdenum, or other elements. Tool steels and high-strength low-alloy steels are designed for wear resistance and high strength. Heat treatment, such as annealing, quenching, and tempering, is commonly used to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties.

Production typically begins with iron ore smelting to produce pig iron, which is then refined in a basic oxygen or electric arc furnace and alloyed as needed. The material is cast and subsequently hot or cold formed into products through rolling, forging, or machining. Steel is widely recycled; scrap steel serves as a major feedstock and reduces environmental impact.

Applications span construction, automotive and aerospace components, machinery, pipelines, tools, and consumer goods. Standards and grades (for example ASTM or EN specifications) define chemical composition and mechanical properties to meet diverse performance requirements.