metakrylát

Metakrylát is an organic monomer belonging to the acrylate family. Chemically, it is a derivative of methacrylic acid in which the carbonyl group is attached in the meta position relative to the vinyl side chain. The molecule has the general formula C4H6O2 and is typically sold as a clear, viscous liquid with a characteristic acrylate odor. Metakrylát is highly reactive toward free‑radical polymerization, producing a cross‑linked polymer that exhibits good optical transparency and moderate toughness.

Synthesis of metakrylát generally involves esterification of methacrylic acid with methanol or the corresponding alkyl alcohol, followed by purification steps to remove unreacted acid and solvents. The resulting polymer can be made into clear films or coatings by techniques such as spin coating, dip coating, or spray application. In its polymerised form, metakrylát shows a glass transition temperature in the range of 45–50°C, which gives it suitable flexibility for many applications while maintaining a rigid structure at room temperature.

The material is widely used as a component of clear coatings, adhesives, and sealants. In the coatings industry, it provides a durable, high‑gloss finish on automotive parts, plastics, and wood. As a forced‑over adhesive, metakrylát offers strong bonding to a variety of substrates including glass, ceramics, and metals, and its resistance to moisture and environmental aging makes it useful in construction and electronic assemblies. The compound is also found in some dental composites and dental adhesives where optical clarity and biocompatibility are essential.

Safety data indicate that metakrylát is a skin irritant and may cause respiratory irritations if inhaled in dust or vapour form. Proper personal protective equipment, such as gloves and eye protection, should be used during handling. The material should be stored in a cool, dry place away from strong oxidising agents. Environmental assessment shows that while the monomer has low acute toxicity, it can be toxic to aquatic organisms, so waste products should be treated by regulated hazardous waste disposal procedures and not discharged into waterways.