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Metabolism refers to the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life. These reactions include processes such as digestion, absorption, assimilation, catabolism, anabolism, and excretion. Metabolism is essential for the growth, reproduction, and maintenance of all living organisms. It involves the conversion of nutrients from food into energy, which is used for various biological functions.

The process of metabolism can be broadly categorized into two types: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process. This includes processes like glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Anabolism, on the other hand, is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy. Examples include the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.

Metabolism is influenced by various factors, including genetics, age, sex, and lifestyle. Genetic factors determine the rate and efficiency of metabolic processes. Age and sex also play roles, as metabolic rates tend to decrease with age and differ between males and females. Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and stress levels can significantly impact metabolism.

Metabolic disorders can arise when the body's metabolic processes are disrupted. These disorders can lead to conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and certain types of cancer. Understanding metabolism is crucial for maintaining health and preventing metabolic disorders. Proper nutrition, regular physical activity, and stress management are key to maintaining a healthy metabolism.