mesoteliota

Mesoteliota is a collective term referring to tumors that arise from mesothelial cells. Mesothelial cells are a type of squamous epithelial cell that line the internal surfaces of the body, including the pleura (lining of the lungs and chest cavity), peritoneum (lining of the abdominal cavity), and pericardium (lining of the heart). The most common and well-known type of mesotelioma is pleural mesothelioma, which affects the lining of the lungs. Peritoneal mesothelioma affects the abdominal lining, and pericardial mesothelioma is the rarest, affecting the heart's lining.

The primary known cause of mesotelioma is exposure to asbestos fibers. When inhaled or ingested, asbestos fibers can become lodged in the mesothelial lining, leading to chronic inflammation and DNA damage over time. This damage can eventually result in the development of cancerous cells. The latency period between asbestos exposure and the diagnosis of mesotelioma can be very long, often 20 to 50 years or more. Other potential risk factors are less well-established but may include exposure to other mineral fibers and certain genetic predispositions.

Symptoms of mesotelioma vary depending on the location of the tumor. Pleural mesothelioma can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, persistent cough, and unexplained weight loss. Peritoneal mesothelioma may present with abdominal pain, swelling, and changes in bowel habits. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of mesothelial cells and assess the tumor's characteristics. Treatment options are often challenging due to the aggressive nature of the disease and often include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, depending on the stage and extent of the cancer.