merkkailu

Merkkailu, known in English as fencing, is a sport of sword combat conducted for competition and skill. Modern fencing evolved from historical dueling traditions in Europe and took shape in the 19th century. It is an Olympic discipline and is practiced worldwide, with national federations and clubs providing training and events.

The sport comprises three weapons: foil, épée, and sabre. Each weapon has different target areas and rules: foil targets the torso; épée targets the entire body; sabre targets the upper body above the waist, including arms and head. Foil and sabre use right-of-way rules to determine who scores when both fencers land touches; épée uses a no-right-of-way rule, awarding the point to the first hit.

Safety equipment and scoring: Fencers wear a mask, jacket, plastron, glove, breeches, socks, and appropriate footwear. Foil and sabre fencing use a conductive lamé to register touches electronically; épée uses a non-lamé jacket. Scoring is done by electronic systems connected to the weapons and masks; touches are verified by judges or electronic signals depending on the event.

Competition and governance: International competition is governed by the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime (FIE); national bodies organize national championships and training. Common events include circuit tours, World Championships, and the Olympic Games. Training emphasizes footwork, blade work, timing, and tactical distance.