menstúrációs

Menstruáció refers to the monthly shedding of the uterine lining in females of reproductive age. This physiological process is part of the menstrual cycle, a natural sequence of hormonal and physical changes that prepare the body for potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the thickened uterine lining, along with blood and unfertilized egg, is expelled from the body through the vagina.

The menstrual cycle typically lasts around 28 days, though variations are common. The period itself, or menstruation, usually lasts between 3 to 7 days. Menstruation is characterized by the discharge of blood and tissue. This discharge can vary in color from bright red to dark brown and may contain small clots. The amount of bleeding can also differ significantly among individuals and from one cycle to another.

Hormonal fluctuations, primarily involving estrogen and progesterone, regulate the menstrual cycle. These hormones influence the growth of the uterine lining, ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary), and the preparation of the uterus for implantation. The onset of menstruation, known as menarche, typically occurs during adolescence. Menopause, the cessation of menstruation, usually begins in the late 40s or early 50s.

While a normal physiological event, menstruation can sometimes be accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal cramps, bloating, mood changes, and fatigue. These symptoms are often referred to as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or menstrual discomfort. Medical attention may be sought for severe pain, unusually heavy bleeding, or irregular cycles.