meniskens

Meniskens are crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures located within the knee joint, serving as vital components of joint stability and function. Typically, humans have two menisci in each knee: the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus. These structures act as shock absorbers, distributing load evenly across the joint surfaces, and enhance joint congruence, which improves stability during movement.

The menisci are composed of dense, fibrocartilaginous tissue rich in collagen fibers, providing both strength and elasticity. They are attached to the tibia (shinbone) and are semi-lunar in shape, which allows them to conform to the shape of the femoral condyles (thighbone ends). The blood supply to the menisci is limited, mainly confined to the outer edges, making the inner regions less capable of healing after injury.

Meniscal injuries commonly occur due to trauma, such as twisting or rotational movements, especially during sports. Degenerative changes can also contribute to meniscal tears, particularly in older individuals. Symptoms of meniscal injury include joint pain, swelling, locking, and decreased mobility.

Treatment varies depending on the severity and location of the tear. Small or peripheral tears may heal on their own or be managed conservatively, while larger or symptomatic tears often require surgical intervention, such as meniscectomy (removal of the damaged part) or meniscal repair. Preservation of the menisci is preferred when possible, as they play a crucial role in maintaining knee joint health and preventing osteoarthritis.

Research continues into tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches to improve meniscal repair and replacement, aiming to reduce long-term joint degeneration and enhance functional recovery.