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Masculinity refers to the set of norms, roles, behaviors, and identities that societies associate with men and boys. It is not a fixed attribute of individuals but a social construct that varies across cultures and historical periods. The term masculinities acknowledges multiple forms rather than a single universal standard.
Hegemonic masculinity, a concept introduced by Raewyn Connell, describes the culturally dominant form that legitimizes male
Sources of masculinity norms include family upbringing, education, religion, media representations, peer groups, and organizational cultures.
Impacts of masculine norms include effects on behavior, health, and risk-taking. Traditional expectations of emotional restraint
Contemporary trends emphasize a broader range of masculinities, critiques of rigid norms, and efforts to promote