manipulering

Manipulering, or manipulation, is the act of influencing or controlling the behavior, beliefs, or perceptions of others, or the operation of systems, often through indirect, hidden, or deceptive means. The term covers physical handling of objects, data manipulation, and a range of social and informational practices designed to steer outcomes.

Social or psychological manipulation uses tactics such as establishing trust, reciprocity, social proof, authority, scarcity, and ambiguity to influence decisions. Information and media manipulation involves presenting data or narratives in ways that mislead, misrepresent, or obscure the truth. Data manipulation refers to altering datasets, results, or records to produce a desired impression. Market, organizational, and political manipulation describe attempts to influence markets, institutions, or public opinion through covert or unfair practices.

Ethically, manipulation raises concerns about autonomy, consent, and fairness. Legitimate forms of influence—such as education, persuasion, or marketing with transparent goals—differ from covert manipulation that relies on deception, manipulation of emotions, or exploitation of power imbalances. In many contexts, the line depends on intent, transparency, and the presence or absence of consent.

Prevention and response include critical thinking, skepticism, transparency, robust verification of information, and safeguards against data tampering. In organizations, governance, auditing, and clear disclosure of incentives can reduce manipulative practices. Awareness of manipulation techniques helps individuals recognize attempts and resist coercive pressures.