manerist

Manerism is a style of art and architecture that emerged in the late 16th century, particularly in Italy, and flourished in the early 17th century. It is characterized by its use of exaggerated, often grotesque, and sometimes humorous motifs, as well as a deliberate distortion of classical forms. Manerism is often associated with the work of artists such as Michelangelo, Pontormo, and Parmigianino, and architects like Palladio.

The term "maniera" in Italian means "manner," and the style is so named because it represents a departure from the classical ideals of the High Renaissance. Manerist artists often employed complex compositions, intricate details, and a sense of drama and tension. They frequently used chiaroscuro, a technique that creates strong contrasts between light and dark, to emphasize the three-dimensionality of their works.

Manerism can be seen in various forms of art, including painting, sculpture, and architecture. In painting, it is exemplified by works such as Michelangelo's "The Last Judgment" and Pontormo's "The Flagellation of Christ." In architecture, the style is evident in the designs of Palladio, particularly in his villas and churches, which often feature elaborate facades and ornate details.

The origins of manerism are often traced back to the works of Michelangelo, who, despite his classical training, began to incorporate more personal and expressive elements into his art. This shift influenced other artists, leading to the development of the manerist style. The style's influence waned as the Baroque period began, but its legacy can still be seen in the works of later artists and architects.