mambas

Mambas are a group of venomous snakes in the genus Dendroaspis, within the family Elapidae, native to sub-Saharan Africa. The name mamba derives from local African languages. The genus comprises four widely recognized species: the black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis), the eastern green mamba (Dendroaspis angusticeps), the western green mamba (Dendroaspis viridis), and Jameson’s mamba (Dendroaspis jamesoni). Some classifications recognize subspecies, but these four species are generally accepted.

Description and ecology

Black mambas are among Africa’s longest venomous snakes, typically 2 to 3 meters in length, with a brown to olive coloration. The interior of the mouth is inky black, a feature that gives the common name. Green mambas are slender and bright green, while Jameson’s mamba shows a darker, variable coloration. Mambas are fast and highly agile, with some species adept at climbing and others more terrestrial.

Habitat and range

Mambas inhabit a broad range of environments across sub-Saharan Africa, including savannas, woodlands, and forest edges. Green mambas are primarily arboreal, spending much time in trees, whereas the black mamba is more often terrestrial but can climb when needed.

Behavior and diet

They are diurnal predators, feeding on small mammals, birds, lizards, and occasionally eggs. Mambas are generally shy and will flee if given a chance, but they may bite when threatened or cornered.

Venom and medical significance

All mambas possess potent neurotoxic venom. Bites require immediate medical attention, but effective antivenoms exist in many regions. Without prompt treatment, envenomation can be fatal.

Reproduction

Mambas are oviparous; females lay eggs in warm, concealed locations. Clutch size varies by species and environmental conditions.