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Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It is transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The disease affects humans and other animals, with the most severe consequences observed in children under five years old and pregnant women. Malaria is characterized by symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, it can lead to complications like anemia, seizures, coma, or even death.

The disease is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of South America. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were over 240 million cases of malaria in 2020, resulting in approximately 627,000 deaths. Malaria is a significant public health concern due to its impact on global health, economic development, and social well-being.

Prevention and control of malaria involve a multi-faceted approach, including vector control measures such as insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets. Additionally, artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are recommended for the treatment of malaria. Public health campaigns, education, and community involvement are also crucial in reducing the spread of the disease. The WHO and other international organizations continue to work towards eliminating malaria as a public health problem by 2030.