makroporach

Makroporach, or macroporosity, refers to the presence and measure of large pore spaces in materials such as soils and rocks. It is a component of total porosity that governs how fluids move and are stored within a substrate. Macroporosity is distinguished from microporosity, which involves much smaller pores that retain water more tenaciously and contribute less to immediate flow.

In soil science, macropores are commonly defined as pores larger than about 0.08 millimeters in diameter, though the exact threshold can vary by context. Large, connected pore networks create pathways for rapid infiltration, drainage, and air exchange, while small pores hold water and support capillary rise. The connectivity and stability of macropores depend on soil texture and structure, organic matter content, and biological activity.

Formation and management of macroporosity are influenced by biotic and abiotic processes. Biogenic creation occurs through earthworm and root activity that tunnels and loosens soil, while physical processes such as cracking, aggregation, and contraction during drying contribute to pore development. Human practices, notably soil compaction from heavy machinery, can reduce macroporosity. Agricultural management that preserves soil structure—reduced tillage, organic amendments, cover crops, and limited compaction—tends to maintain or enhance macroporosity.

In geology and hydrogeology, macroporosity describes large interconnected pore spaces in rocks and carbonate formations that dominate fluid flow and transport. It contrasts with micro-porosity inside mineral grains and influences aquifer performance, contaminant migration via preferential flow, and reservoir quality. Measurement approaches include infiltration tests, dye tracing, and imaging techniques such as X-ray computed tomography.