makrofágtípus

Makrofágtípus refers to the different functional states that macrophages can adopt. Macrophages are a type of white blood cell of the immune system that perform a wide variety of functions, including phagocytosis and controlling microbial infections. In response to different signals, macrophages can differentiate into various types with distinct characteristics and roles. The most commonly described polarization states are M1 and M2 macrophages, although other subtypes and intermediate states also exist.

M1 macrophages are typically activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). They are characterized by their enhanced capacity for phagocytosis and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, contributing to the elimination of pathogens and tumor cells. M1 macrophages play a crucial role in initiating and sustaining inflammatory responses.

M2 macrophages, on the other hand, are generally induced by anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13). Their functions are more focused on tissue repair, wound healing, and immune regulation. M2 macrophages are involved in resolving inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and remodeling extracellular matrix. They can also contribute to the suppression of adaptive immune responses.

The concept of makrofágtípus is important for understanding the complex and dynamic nature of the immune system. The specific makrofágtípus present in a particular tissue or at a certain time can significantly influence the outcome of immune responses, disease progression, and tissue regeneration. Research continues to explore the full spectrum of macrophage polarization and its therapeutic implications.