magnifikasyon

Magnifikasyon refers to the process of making an object or scene appear larger than its actual size. In optics, it is the ratio between the size of the image and the size of the object, often expressed as M = image size / object size. Angular magnification describes how large an object appears from a given viewing angle, independent of physical image size.

There are several ways magnifikasyon is achieved. A simple magnifier or loupe uses a converging lens to produce a magnified virtual image. A compound microscope combines objective and eyepiece lenses to achieve high magnification, with the total magnification typically equal to the product of the individual magnifications. Telescopes increase the angular size of distant objects. Cameras and smartphone lenses provide optical magnification, while digital zoom can enlarge the image electronically, often at the cost of sharpness and resolution.

Applications of magnifikasyon are widespread. In science and medicine, magnification enables the study of small structures and tissues. In industry and quality control, it assists in inspection and measurement. In photography and art, magnification affects detail, depth of field, and perspective.

Important limitations apply. Magnification alone does not increase image detail; resolving power is limited by diffraction, wavelength, and the numerical aperture of the optical system. Digital magnification can reveal pixels rather than true detail and may reduce image quality. Proper design and calibration of optical systems are essential to achieve the desired balance between magnification, brightness, and resolution.