légzéscsökkenést

Légzéscsökkenés, also known as hypoventilation, is a medical condition characterized by breathing that is too shallow or too slow to meet the body's needs. This results in an inadequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. When hypoventilation occurs, the blood oxygen levels (PaO2) decrease, and the blood carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2) increase.

Several factors can lead to légzéscsökkenés. These include respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia, which impair lung function. Neurological conditions affecting the brainstem, where the respiratory center is located, can also cause it. This includes conditions like stroke, brain injury, or certain neuromuscular disorders that weaken the respiratory muscles. Additionally, drug overdose, particularly of sedatives or opioids, can suppress the respiratory drive. Obesity, especially when severe, can lead to obesity hypoventilation syndrome, where excess weight impedes breathing. Severe pain and anxiety can also contribute.

Symptoms of légzéscsökkenés can vary depending on the underlying cause and severity. Common signs include shortness of breath, feeling tired, headaches, confusion, and in severe cases, cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin due to low oxygen). Untreated hypoventilation can lead to serious complications such as respiratory failure, brain damage, and even death. Diagnosis typically involves assessing breathing patterns, blood gas analysis, and investigating the underlying cause. Treatment focuses on addressing the root problem and may include oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, medications, or lifestyle changes.