lubrikant

A lubricant, or lubrikant, is a substance applied to surfaces in relative motion to reduce friction, wear, and heat generation. Lubricants are used in mechanical systems, machinery, and many consumer products. They can be liquids, semi-solids such as greases, or dry solids, and may be formulated to operate under specific temperatures, speeds, and environmental conditions.

Common categories include mineral oil-based lubes, synthetic oils, grease formulations that mix oil with thickeners, and solid lubricants such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide. Water-based lubes are used in some cutting and medical applications, while dry lubricants like PTFE provide low friction without a continuous film. In industrial settings, lubricants are chosen for load, temperature, corrosion protection, and compatibility with seals and bearings. They are widely used in automotive engines, transmissions, industrial gears, bearings, machining, electronics cooling, and in food processing where food-grade lubricants are required.

Key properties include viscosity, film strength, oxidation stability, and material compatibility. Selection factors include operating temperature, load, speed, contamination, and exposure to water or chemicals. Safety and environmental aspects are important: lubricants can be flammable, irritant, or toxic in some forms; disposal and spill response must follow regulations. Biodegradable and bio-based lubricants are increasingly used to reduce environmental impact, and food-grade lubricants meet standards to allow incidental contact with food.