loudnesslimiting

Loudness limiting is a process used in audio production and broadcasting to prevent audio signals from exceeding a predefined maximum level. Its primary function is to avoid clipping, which is a form of waveform distortion that occurs when an audio signal's amplitude is too high to be accurately represented by the system. This distortion can result in an unpleasant, harsh sound.

A loudness limiter, often referred to simply as a "limiter," works by rapidly reducing the gain of an audio signal when it reaches or approaches its threshold. This reduction in gain is typically applied with a very fast attack time and a high ratio, meaning that even small overages are significantly attenuated. The goal is to make the limiting process as transparent as possible, without introducing audible artifacts.

Limiters are crucial in various audio applications. In music mastering, they help to increase the perceived loudness of a track without causing it to clip, allowing it to compete with other commercially released music. In live sound reinforcement, limiters protect speakers and amplifiers from damage caused by sudden loud peaks. Broadcasters use limiters to ensure that their signals remain within regulatory loudness limits, preventing interference and maintaining a consistent listening experience for the audience. While effective, excessive limiting can lead to a loss of dynamic range, making the audio sound compressed and less impactful.