losowych

Losowych is the genitive plural form of the Polish adjective losowy, meaning random or chance. The word derives from los, referring to fate or luck, and is used in everyday language as well as in scientific and technical terminology to describe phenomena governed by randomness.

In Polish, losowy describes objects, events, or processes that do not have a predetermined outcome. The form losowych appears when the noun it modifies is in genitive plural, for example in wyniki losowych zdarzeń (results of random events) or próby losowych próbek (random samples). Outside of strict grammar, the adjective commonly appears in phrases such as liczby losowe (random numbers), algorytmy losowe (randomized algorithms), and generator liczb losowych (random-number generator).

In mathematics and statistics, losowy denotes concepts tied to probability. Zdarzenia losowe are fundamental objects in probability theory, representing outcomes that cannot be predicted with certainty. Zmienne losowe, or random variables, are mappings from outcomes to numerical values, with distributions that describe their likelihoods. The study of losowość (randomness) explores how unpredictable or patterned a sequence or process appears, and it informs methods for sampling, simulation, and statistical inference.

In practical use, losowych appears widely in computing and data science, where randomness underpins simulations, cryptography, randomized algorithms, and Monte Carlo methods. The related noun losowość and verbs describing randomness (e.g., losować, to draw randomly) complement the adjective’s role in describing stochastic processes.