loblolly

Loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, is a large evergreen conifer native to the Southeastern United States. It is one of the region’s most important commercial timber species, valued for fast growth, straight form, and versatile wood. The origin of the common name loblolly is unclear.

Typically it reaches 20–30 meters in height, occasionally more, with a trunk diameter around 0.6–1.2 meters. Leaves occur in bundles of two or three needles, 12–24 cm long. Cones are 6–12 cm long and mature in about two years, releasing winged seeds. The bark is thick and scaly.

Its natural range extends from southern Virginia to Florida and into eastern Texas, with inland populations in parts of Arkansas and Oklahoma. It favors well-drained, acidic soils on the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains but tolerates a range of moisture and site conditions. It forms dense stands and is widely planted in plantations.

Economically important for lumber, pulpwood, and plywood, loblolly pine is a cornerstone of Southeastern forestry. It yields high-volume wood with moderate strength and is used in construction, crates, and paper products. Historically it contributed to naval stores, supplying turpentine and pitch.

Management challenges include pests and diseases such as fusiform rust and pitch canker; bark beetles can also affect stands. Growth is enhanced through thinning, site preparation, and selective breeding for resistant stock. Fire, competition, and climate variability influence productivity.