lisdexanfetamina

Lisdexanfetamina is a prescription prodrug of dextroamphetamine. It is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, in some countries, binge eating disorder (BED). The drug is administered orally as a capsule or tablet and is designed to be converted in the body to the active stimulant dextroamphetamine after absorption.

Pharmacology and mechanism of action: Lisdexanfetamina itself has relatively low immediate activity. Once in the bloodstream, enzymes in red blood cells cleave the prodrug to release active dextroamphetamine, which increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in certain brain regions. This leads to improved attention, impulse control, and, in the context of BED, reductions in binge eating episodes.

Indications and usage: In many regions, lisdexanfetamina is approved for ADHD in children (often age 6 and older) and adults. It is also approved for BED in adults in some jurisdictions. Dosing is individualized and typically ranges with a starting dose around 30 mg daily, with gradual increases up to a usual maximum of 70 mg per day, depending on response and tolerability.

Administration and dosing considerations: Capsules are swallowed whole; the contents may be mixed with a small amount of water or soft food (such as applesauce) and swallowed immediately without chewing, depending on local labeling. Doses are often adjusted based on clinical response and side effects, and therapy should be reassessed periodically.

Safety and adverse effects: Common adverse effects include decreased appetite, insomnia, dry mouth, abdominal pain, nausea, irritability, and weight loss. Cardiovascular effects such as increased heart rate and blood pressure can occur. Lisdexanfetamina carries a risk of abuse and dependence and is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in many countries. It should not be used with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and is contraindicated in certain cardiovascular conditions, severe anxiety or agitation, and a history of stimulant misuse.

See also: Dextroamphetamine.