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Listeriosis is a serious bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. This bacterium can be found in soil, water, and some animals. It is often transmitted to humans through contaminated food, particularly unpasteurized dairy products, deli meats, and raw or undercooked seafood and produce.

The symptoms of listeriosis can vary depending on the individual and the severity of the infection. In healthy adults, symptoms may be mild and flu-like, including fever, muscle aches, nausea, and diarrhea. However, in pregnant women, newborns, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems, the infection can be much more severe. Pregnant women may experience miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or life-threatening infection of the newborn. In severe cases, the infection can spread to the nervous system, causing meningitis or encephalitis, leading to headaches, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, and seizures.

Diagnosis is typically made through laboratory testing of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other bodily fluids. Treatment involves antibiotics, with the choice and duration of treatment depending on the severity of the infection and the patient's health status. Prompt medical attention and appropriate antibiotic therapy are crucial for managing listeriosis and preventing serious complications. Prevention strategies focus on safe food handling practices, including thorough cooking of food, avoiding unpasteurized dairy products, and washing fruits and vegetables.