linotte

Linotte is the French common name for several small seed-eating passerine birds in the family Fringillidae, most notably the linnet (Linaria cannabina). The species was previously placed in the genus Carduelis as Carduelis cannabina; current classifications often use Linaria cannabina. The term linotte is widely used in French ornithology to denote this species and closely related finches.

The linnet is a small finch about 12-13 cm long. Male in breeding plumage shows a pinkish-red breast and face, with brown upperparts and a greyish crown; females and juveniles are duller, predominantly brown with pale underparts and faint streaking. The beak is stout and conical, adapted to seed eating.

Habitat ranges across much of Europe and into western Asia, favoring open countryside, farmland, hedgerows, scrub, and orchards. It is generally resident or partially migratory; northern and high-altitude populations may move southward in winter, while southern populations are usually non-migratory.

Diet consists mainly of seeds, such as those of grasses and weeds, supplemented by buds and occasional insects, especially during breeding. They often feed in flocks outside the breeding season. Nests are built in shrubs or low trees; the female lays typically 4-6 eggs and incubates them for about 12-14 days.

Conservation status is of least concern overall, with stable to locally variable populations. Threats include habitat loss, changes in agricultural practices, and competition with other finches in some areas.