linocut

Linocut is a relief printmaking technique in which a design is cut into a sheet of linoleum. The cutaway areas become negative space, while the remaining raised surface is inked and pressed onto paper or fabric to create an impression. Linocuts are known for strong, graphic contrasts and a comparatively simple workflow.

Materials and process: A linoleum block, cutting tools such as gouges and knives, a brayer or roller for applying ink, printing ink, and paper. The artist traces or draws a design onto the block, then carves away areas that will appear white, leaving the raised lines and shapes. The block is inked with the roller, excess ink is removed, and paper is pressed onto the surface by hand with a baren or by using a printing press. The impression is lifted to reveal the print. Editions are limited by the durability of the linoleum, which can wear with use.

Color printing: Color linocuts can be made by using multiple blocks (one per color) or by the reduction method, in which the same block is cut and inked in stages to build colors while printing successive layers on the same sheet.

History and context: Linocut developed in the early 20th century as a more accessible alternative to woodcut. It gained prominence with modernist artists, including some German Expressionists, for its bold lines and high contrast. Later artists, such as Pablo Picasso, helped popularize the medium further. Today linocut remains widely used in studios and classrooms for its immediacy, portability, and versatility.

Technique and limitations: The linoleum matrix is relatively soft and can wear with repeated printing, limiting the number of impressions. Fine detail can be challenging, but strong, decisive imagery remains a hallmark of the medium. Inks are available in oil- and water-based varieties, and prints can be produced with or without a press.