leucodermia

Leucodermia is a general term referring to the loss of normal skin pigmentation, resulting in the appearance of lighter or white patches on the skin. This condition is not a disease in itself but rather a symptom that can arise from various underlying causes. The most common cause of leucodermia is vitiligo, an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color.

Other causes of leucodermia can include certain infections, such as fungal infections that can cause temporary depigmentation. Trauma to the skin, including burns, cuts, or friction, can also lead to post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, where the affected area loses pigment after healing. Certain medical conditions, like leprosy, can also manifest with depigmented patches. Some genetic predispositions might also play a role in the development of leucodermia.

The appearance of leucodermia can range from small, scattered white spots to larger, more widespread areas of depigmentation. The patches can occur on any part of the body, including the face, hands, arms, legs, and trunk. While leucodermia is generally not painful or harmful, it can sometimes lead to psychological distress due to cosmetic concerns. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and a medical history, and sometimes further tests like a skin biopsy or blood tests may be conducted to determine the underlying cause. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and extent of the leucodermia, and may include topical medications, phototherapy, or in some cases, surgical procedures.