lekkages

Lekkages, or leaks, refer to the unintended release of substances, energy, or information from a system. The term is used across fields such as plumbing, building construction, industry, and data security. Physical leaks involve liquids or gases escaping from containment, while energy losses occur when heat or air passes through imperfect barriers. In information technology, leakage denotes the unauthorized exposure of data.

Water leaks are among the most common types in buildings. They can originate from faulty plumbing, roof damage, or degraded seals and joints. Consequences include water damage, mold growth, and structural deterioration. Gas leaks, including natural gas or propane, pose immediate safety risks such as fire or explosion and require rapid detection and ventilation, followed by repair and, if needed, gas utility intervention.

Air and heat leaks reduce energy efficiency by allowing conditioned air to escape or outdoor air to infiltrate. Structural leaks can also lead to moisture problems and indoor air quality issues. Industrial leaks of oil, chemicals, or other fluids risk environmental contamination and regulatory penalties, emphasizing proper containment and spill response plans.

Data leaks describe the leakage of confidential information through breaches or misconfigurations. They can result from cyberattacks, insider threats, or inadequate access controls, with potential legal and reputational consequences. Prevention includes monitoring, encryption, access management, and staff training.

Detection methods vary by type: visual inspection, pressure testing, moisture meters, infrared thermography, gas detectors, and, for information leaks, security monitoring and data-loss prevention tools. Prompt detection, containment, and proper remediation are essential to minimize damage and ensure safety and compliance.