latexallergia

Latexallergia, commonly referred to as latex allergy, is an adverse immune reaction to the proteins found in natural rubber latex. Reactions can be immediate, driven by IgE antibodies, or delayed, as contact dermatitis. Immediate reactions may include hives, swelling, wheezing, and in severe cases anaphylaxis. Delayed reactions typically present as redness, itching, and skin rashes at the site of contact.

Causes and mechanism: The allergy results from sensitization to latex proteins. Everyday exposures—such as disposable gloves, balloon or condom materials, latex tubing, surgical devices, and adhesive tapes—can trigger symptoms. Some individuals also show cross-reactivity with certain fruits (banana, avocado, kiwi, chestnut). People with higher exposure risk, including healthcare workers and individuals with spina bifida or multiple surgeries, are more commonly affected.

Sources and exposure: Latex-containing products are common in medical and dental settings, as well as in consumer items like balloons or elastic bands. Aerosolized latex protein from powder on gloves can contribute to inhalational exposure in some cases.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis relies on medical history, documented reactions, skin prick or intradermal testing for latex-specific IgE, and serum testing. An oral or skin exposure history may support the diagnosis, especially when combined with test results.

Management and prevention: The main approach is avoidance of latex-containing products and use of non-latex alternatives (nitrile, neoprene, vinyl). People with known latex allergy should carry an adrenaline auto-injector if advised, wear medical alert identification, and ensure healthcare providers use latex-free equipment. In institutions, latex-free policies and proper labeling help reduce risk.