larthérosclérose

Arteriosclerosis is a medical condition characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries. This process occurs when plaque, a buildup of cholesterol, fats, and other substances, accumulates on the inner walls of the arteries. Over time, this plaque can harden and restrict blood flow, making the arteries less flexible. The exact causes are not fully understood, but several risk factors are associated with its development, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a lack of physical activity. Family history also plays a role.

Symptoms of arteriosclerosis are often absent in the early stages. As the condition progresses and blood flow becomes significantly impaired, symptoms can emerge depending on the affected arteries. If the arteries supplying the heart are narrowed, it can lead to chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. Narrowing of the arteries in the legs can cause pain during walking, known as claudication. If the arteries to the brain are affected, it can increase the risk of stroke.

Diagnosis typically involves a review of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as blood pressure measurements, cholesterol tests, and imaging studies like ultrasound or angiography. Treatment focuses on managing risk factors and slowing the progression of the disease. This may include lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, regular exercise, and smoking cessation. Medications can be prescribed to control blood pressure, lower cholesterol, and prevent blood clots. In some cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing serious complications.