lança

A lança is a type of spear historically used in warfare and hunting. Its defining characteristic is a long shaft, typically made of wood, topped with a sharp, pointed head. The lança's design allowed for a combination of reach and thrusting power, making it an effective weapon against both lightly armored infantry and larger game. The specific materials and construction of the lança head varied widely depending on the culture and historical period, ranging from sharpened stone to bronze, iron, and later, steel.

The use of the lança dates back to prehistoric times, with evidence found across numerous ancient civilizations. It was a primary weapon for foot soldiers, often used in formation to create a formidable defensive or offensive line. The lança's versatility meant it could be employed for close-quarters combat as well as for throwing, though its length generally made it more suited for thrusting. Its evolution was influenced by the development of metallurgy and the changing demands of military tactics. While superseded by more advanced weaponry like firearms and bayonets in warfare, the lança remained in use for hunting and in some ceremonial contexts for centuries. Its legacy can be seen in the development of other polearms and its enduring presence in historical depictions and archaeological finds.