lame

Lameness is a medical condition defined as impaired ability to bear weight or move a limb, resulting in an abnormal gait. It affects humans and many animal species; in veterinary contexts, lameness is a common reason for veterinary examination in horses, cattle, and dogs.

Signs include limping or favoring one limb, an uneven stride, swelling or warmth around joints, pain on movement or palpation, reduced range of motion, and reluctance to bear weight or walk normally.

Causes are diverse and may be acute or chronic. They include injuries such as fractures, sprains, and tendon or ligament tears; joint diseases such as osteoarthritis or inflammatory arthritis; neurological or nerve injuries; infections; vascular problems; tumors; and congenital deformities. In horses and livestock, hoof problems and laminitis are important etiologies.

Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination, gait assessment, and imaging studies (X-ray, ultrasound, MRI) as needed, along with laboratory tests to check for systemic illness. In animals, lameness scoring systems and strategic nerve blocks can help localize the problem.

Treatment targets the underlying cause and may involve rest and immobilization, medications such as analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, bracing or orthotics, and surgery when indicated. Prognosis varies with cause, duration, and response to therapy.

Etymology: The term lameness derives from Old English lama, related to Proto-Germanic roots meaning limping or lame.