laktózintoleranciát

Laktózintolerancia is a digestive disorder characterized by the inability to fully digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. This condition occurs when the small intestine does not produce enough lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream.

The primary symptom of laktózintolerancia is gastrointestinal discomfort after consuming foods or beverages containing lactose. These symptoms can include bloating, gas, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and nausea. The severity of these symptoms can vary greatly depending on the individual's level of lactase deficiency and the amount of lactose consumed.

Laktózintolerancia can be caused by several factors. Primary lactase deficiency is the most common type, often developing gradually in adults as part of the aging process. Secondary lactase deficiency occurs when the small intestine is damaged by illness, injury, or surgery, leading to a temporary or permanent reduction in lactase production. Congenital lactase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder where infants are born with little or no lactase activity.

Diagnosis of laktózintolerancia is typically made through a combination of medical history, symptom assessment, and diagnostic tests. These tests may include a lactose tolerance test, which measures blood glucose levels after consuming a lactose-rich drink, or a hydrogen breath test, which detects hydrogen gas produced by bacteria in the gut when lactose is undigested.

Management of laktózintolerancia involves reducing or eliminating lactose from the diet. Many individuals can still consume small amounts of lactose without significant symptoms. Lactose-free milk and dairy products are widely available, and lactase enzyme supplements can be taken before consuming dairy to aid digestion. Dietary adjustments can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with laktózintolerancia.