laktazës

Laktazës is an enzyme that plays a vital role in the human digestive system by facilitating the breakdown of lactose, the primary sugar found in milk and dairy products. It is produced by cells lining the small intestine and is classified as a lactase-phlorizin hydrolase enzyme. The presence and activity level of laktazës are crucial for the proper digestion of lactose; individuals with sufficient amounts can consume dairy without experiencing symptoms, while those with lactose deficiency may suffer from lactose intolerance.

Lactose intolerance is a common condition characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain after consuming lactose-containing foods. The severity of intolerance correlates with the degree of lactase deficiency. In many populations, especially among adults, the activity of laktazës declines after childhood as part of normal developmental processes, leading to reduced lactase production in later life.

Biochemically, laktazës catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed by the small intestine. This enzymatic process is essential for energy extraction from dairy-based diets. Variations in laktazës activity are influenced by genetic, environmental, and cultural factors, with some populations exhibiting high levels of lactase persistence—continued enzyme activity into adulthood—while others show a marked decrease.

In clinical contexts, testing for lactase activity can help diagnose lactose intolerance. Strategies to manage lactose intolerance include dietary modifications, such as limiting dairy intake or using lactase supplements. Ongoing research explores genetic and biochemical mechanisms regulating laktazës expression and activity, aiming to improve understanding and treatment of related digestive disorders.