lackering

Lackering, or lacquering, is a finishing process in which a lacquer film is applied to a substrate to create a protective and decorative coating. Lacquer is typically a resin dissolved in a volatile solvent; as the solvent evaporates, a hard, smooth film remains on the surface. The technique is widely used on wood, metal, and some plastics.

Common lacquer systems include nitrocellulose lacquers, polyurethane lacquers, acrylic lacquers, and water-based lacquers. Nitrocellulose lacquers offer rapid drying and are common in furniture and musical instruments. Polyurethane lacquers provide higher chemical and abrasion resistance. Water-based lacquers reduce volatile organic compound emissions and can be easier to clean up. The choice of system depends on desired appearance, durability, and environmental considerations.

Surface preparation is essential and typically involves thorough cleaning, sanding, and the application of a sealer or primer to improve adhesion and uniform film formation. Lacquer can be applied by brushing, dipping, or spraying, with spraying being common for even coats and higher production efficiency. Multiple coats are often applied with light sanding between coats to achieve a smooth, even finish. Drying times and final cure depend on the product and conditions and can range from hours to several days.

Safety and handling are important due to solvent content and VOC emissions. Work should occur in well-ventilated spaces, with appropriate personal protective equipment and awareness of flammability risks.

Lackering yields a hard, glossy, and durable surface that can be buffed or polished. Its advantages include a smooth finish and good build, while drawbacks include sensitivity to moisture and chemicals if not properly cured, potential for cracking with thick films, and longer overall cure times for full hardness.